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Sao Paulo, Brazil | | Date: 20th century | | Notes: Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani." Image titled: "Immigrantes Sao Paulo." | Contributed by: Courtesy of Italian Wikipedia
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Brazil (English translation) | | Date: The 20th Century | Notes: Italo-Brazilians
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
An Italo-Brazilian is a person born in Brazil with Italian ancestors, or an Italian resident there for many years. Brazil has today the largest Italian population outside Italy. According to the Italian Embassy in Brasilia, 25 million Italians or descendants of Italian immigrants living in the country. Other sources speak of 22 or even 28 million people. We must take into account that the estimates are rather approximate because it has never been a census in real merit. [1]
Immigration
Estimated number of Italian immigrants in Brazil during the period 1876-1920, divided by region of origin [2].
The first Italian immigrants arrived in Brazil in 1875. Venetian peasants were attracted by the work as small farmers in the south of the country. The peak of Italy came to Brazil between 1880 and 1920. Most of the Italians found work in coffee plantations in the Brazilian states of S?o Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paran?, Minas Gerais and Esp?rito Santo.
More than one million and a half of Italians emigrated to Brazil between 1880 and 1950. More than half came from northern Italy, with 30% from Veneto. The rest was a native of Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont and south-central Italy, and Italy (Campania, Calabria, Basilicata, Abruzzo, Tuscany).
Italian immigration to Brazil, 1884-1893, 1924-1933 and 1945-1949
Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Decade
Country 1884-1893 1894-1903 1904-1913 1914-1923 1924-1933 1945-1949 1950-1954 1955-1959
Italian 510.533 537.784 196.521 86.320 70.177 15.312 59.785 31.263
The numbers
Brazilians of Italian origin for states and regions
Brazilian state of Total Population Population Percentage oriunda Italian Italian oriunda
S?o Paulo 40 million 13 million 32.5% [3]
Paran? 10 million 3.7 million 37% [4]
Rio Grande do Sul 3 million 10.9 million 27.0% [5]
Santa Catarina 3 million 5.8 million 50.0%
Esp?rito Santo 3.4 million 1.7 million 65% [6]
Minas Gerais 20 million 1.5 million 7.5% [7]
Rio de Janeiro 14.1 million 600,000 4.0% [8]
North Brazil 14.5 million 1 million 6.8% [9]
Center-Brazil 13 million 400,000 4.0% [10]
Nord-este Brazil 49 million 150,000 0.35% [11]
In Brazil total 189 million 28 million 14.8%
Photo Gallery
Italian family in Caxias do Sul
Ship with immigrants to Santos
Italian immigrants in Brazil
Caxias do Sul at the beginning of immigration
Immigrants arriving in Sao Paulo
Italians in S?o Paulo
Italian immigrants in a factory in S?o Paulo, at the beginning of the last century.
Immigrants in S?o Paulo
Song toscana
"Italia bella, kind shown
and your children will not leave
else go all ni 'Brazil
e 'is a return to more r?cordon
Even here there would be work -
without being in America to emigrate.
The century we leave here,
i 'millenovecento dawn.
Hunger c'han painted face
e pe 'guarilla' there is a medicine.
Each po 'we hear you say: "E vo
where it is the collection of coffee. "".
Song toscana
(circa 1896) [12] [13]
Family of immigrants.
Venetian Song
"America America
campaign is a marvel
we go to Brazil
with the whole family
America America
feels to sing
we go to Brazil
People in Brazil. "
Venetian Song
(end of 19th century) [14] [15]
Language [edit]
Italian immigrants: Destination Brazil.
The Italian immigrants were easily integrated into Brazilian society. Today the vast majority of their descendants only speak Portuguese, the national language of Brazil. A minority of 500,000 people still speak Italian, in rural areas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. Their language is called Talian, a Brazilian-veneto dialect very close to the Venetian tongue, but with influences from Portuguese.
In two Brazilian cities, Santa Teresa and Vila Velha, being populated mostly by descendants of Italian, the Italian language has been declared "ethnic language" and therefore enjoys a special status in regard to his teaching and to his account.
The Italian community today
Although some victims of injury during the Second World War (when Brazil declared war with Italy), the Italo-Brazilians were able to mingle and become an integral part of Brazilian society. Many artists, politicians, footballers, models and personalities are Brazilian of Italian origin, including three presidents (Em?lio Garrastazu Doctors Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli and Itamar Franco), several senators, many delegates and even ambassadors. Today Brazilians of Italian descent make up 15% of the population of Brazil.
Regions of Brazil where the Italian influence is strong
City of Bento Gon?alves: veneti founded by farmers, is now a major Brazilian city.
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo is the largest city in Brazil with more than 11 million inhabitants, half of which is of Italian origin. The influence of Italian culture is more visible near Bixiga (Bela Vista), Br?s and M?oca. It is seen outside of Italy, the largest city "Italian" after Rome.
Crici?ma
Crici?ma is a city located in the state of Santa Catarina, with a population of 170,000 inhabitants. It was founded on 6 January 1880 by a group of families of Belluno, Udine, Vicenza and Treviso, most of which are Cordignano, Cappella Maggiore and Vittorio Veneto.
Caxias do Sul
Italian family in Caxias do Sul in 1918.
Caxias do Sul is the second largest city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was founded June 20th 1890 by immigrants from Veneto. Talian language (derived from the language Veneta with contributions from Portuguese) is still spoken by many inhabitants.
Nova Trento
The flag of Nova Trento, like the Italian flag.
Nova Trento is a small city of 10,000 inhabitants in the state of Santa Catarina. It was founded by immigrants from Trentino in 1875 and houses the second largest religious center of Brazil. Pauline Visintainer, the first Brazilian saint, lived in this city.
Nova Veneza
Nova Veneza in the state of Santa Catarina, founded by immigrants Veneto, where today 95% of the population is of Italian origin.
Garibaldi
Garibaldi is a city of 30,000 inhabitants in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In 1875, Italian immigrants from the Veneto started planting some grapes in the region, which today produces the best wines of Brazil. Its name is a tribute to the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi and his wife in Brazil, Anita. Garibaldi and twinned with the town of Conegliano (Treviso)
Bento Gon?alves
Bento Gon?alves is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, of 100,000 inhabitants, of which 90% are of Italian origin.
Curitiba
Curitiba is a city of 1,384,000 inhabitants, the capital of the state of Paran?. The Italian community is very large and lives mainly in the vicinity of Santa Felicidade, inhabited by Brazilians of Venetian origin and thirty, when the restaurants and the Italian culture are everywhere.
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with 1,320,069 inhabitants, has a huge Italian population since 1875.
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, with 2.5 million inhabitants, of which 1 million of Italian origin.
Venda Nova do IMIGRANTE
Venda Nova do IMIGRANTE is a small city of 20,000 inhabitants in the state dell'Esp?rito Santo, where the majority of the population is of Treviso.
Nova Venecia
Nova Venecia, and a small city of 40,000 inhabitants in the state dell'Espirito Santo, the population is 80% of Italian origin.
Vila Velha and Santa Teresa
There are two municipalities of the state of Esp?rito Santo. Have a population of over 400,000 and 20,000 inhabitants, mostly descendants of Italians. That is why they recently the Italian language has been officially declared "ethnic language" and therefore enjoys a special status in regard to his teaching and his account. [16]
Village
Shrine of Our Lady of Caravaggio at Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul.
* Carlos Barbosa
* Nova P?dua
* Nova Roma do Sul
* Nova Veneza
* Ant?nio Prado
* Belo Monte do Sul
* Urussanga
* Veran?polis
* Guapor?
* Farroupilha
* Nova Milan
* Nova Brescia
* Nova Bassano
* Nova Treviso
* Sideropolis (formerly Nova Beluno)
* Monteberico
Famous Brazilian of Italian origin
Several important people of the Brazilian company is of Italian origin. Brazil already has had three presidents of the Republic of Italian origin: Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Em?lio Garrastazu Doctors and Itamar Franco.
* Gianni Albertoni, model
* Jos? Altafini, American
* Alessandra Ambrosio, model
* Rubens Barrichello, pilot
* Enrique Bernold, pilot
* Gino Bianco, pilot
* Luciano Burti, pilot
* Adriana Calcanhoto, singer
* Jeisa Chiminazzo, model
* Daniella Cicarelli, a model and television conductive
* Christian Fittipaldi, pilot
* Emerson Fittipaldi, pilot
* Wilson Fittipaldi J?nior, pilot
Isabeli Fontana *, model
* Itamar Franco, President
* Egberto Gismonti, musician
* Chico Landi, pilot
* Jeremiah Lunardelli, contractor
* Anita Malfatti, painter
* Guido Mantega, Brazilian Minister of Finance
* Felipe Massa, pilot
* Carlos Pace, pilot
* Antonio Pizzonia, pilot
* C?ndido Portinari, painter
* Renato Russo, songwriter
* Luiz Felipe Scolari, coach of football
* Ayrton Senna, pilot
* Chico Serra, Pilot
* Angelo Benedicto Sormani, footballer
* Caroline Tretini model
* Carlos "Dunga" Verri, American
* Ricardo Zonta, driver
External links
* Oriundi.net. The site of the Italian-Brazilian
* Pinoulivi.net. The site of the Italian immigrants in Brazil
* Veneti Brazil
v d m
Italian Emigration
Italiani in Africa: Italo-Tunisian Italo Italo-Egyptian-Moroccan-Algerian Italo Italo-South African
Italians in America: Italian Americans Italian-Argentine-Brazilian Italo Italo Italo-Chilean-Uruguayan-Peruvian Italo Italo Italo-Mexican-Canadian Italian-Venezuelan
Italians in Europe: Italo Italo-Swiss-French-German Italo Italo Italo-Belgian-British-Italian San Marino
Italians in Oceania / Asia: Italo Italo-Australian-New Zealand-Italian Lebanese
Italians in the former colonies of the Kingdom of Italy: Italo Italo-Libyan-Eritrean Italo Italo-Somali-Ethiopian
Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani"
Categories: Italian-Brazilians | Ethnic groups in Brazil |
| Contributed by: Text, Italian Wikipedia; machine translation by Google
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Sao Paulo, Brazil | | Date: 20th century | Notes: Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani." Image titled: Central da hospedria dos Imigrantes de Sao Paulo."
| Contributed by: Courtesy of Italian Wikipedia
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Brazil | | Date: 20th century | Notes: Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani." Image titled: "Central da Hospedria dos imigrantes."
| Contributed by: Courtesy of Italian Wikipedia
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Sao Paulo, Brazil | | Date: 20th century | Notes: Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani."
| Contributed by: Italian Wikipedia
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Brazil (in Spanish) | | Date: The 20th Century | Notes: Inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Seg?n datos de la Embajada Italiana en Brasilia, 30 millones de brasile?os son descendientes de inmigrantes italianos. Esparcidos por todos los estados de la Sur y de la Sudeste de Brasil, con casi la mitad de ellos en el estado de S?o Paulo.
Es considerada la mayor poblaci?n de oriundi (descendientes de italianos) fuera de Italia.
Un nav?o abarrotado de inmigrantes italianos partiendo para Brasil
Hist?rico
" Que entend?is por una Naci?n, Se?or Ministro? Es la masa de los infelices? Plantamos y recogemos el trigo, pero nunca probamos el pan blanco. Cultibamos la vid, pero jam?s bebemos el vino. Criamos animales, pero no comemos la carne. A pesar de todo, v?s nos aconsej?is a no abandonar nuestra Patria? Pero es acaso Patria la tierra donde no se consigue vivir del propio trabajo? "- frase an?nima de un inmigrante italiano al final del siglo 19 para el Ministro de Estado italiano que le ped?a no abandonar su Patria.
La inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil fue intensa, teniendo su m?ximo apogeo entre los a?os 1870 y 1920. La mayor parte se concentr? en la regi?n del actual estado de S?o Paulo.
Los italianos comenzaron a emigrar en n?mero significativo a Brasil a partir de la d?cada del 70 del siglo XIX. Fueron estimulados por las transformaciones socio-econ?micas en curso al norte de la pen?nsula italiana, que afectaron sobre todo la propiedad de la tierra. Un aspecto peculiar de la emigraci?n italiana en masa es que esta comenz? a desarrollarse poco tiempo despu?s de la unificaci?n de Italia (1871), raz?n por la cual fue precisamente en Brasil que se forj? una identidad nacional de estos inmigrantes.
Actualmente es posible tener acceso a los datos de los inmigrantes italianos a trav?s del site en portugu?s Memorial do Imigrante, con informaciones de fecha de llegada, nacionalidad y acompa?antes (amigos, familiares, etc.). Visitar este Memorial permite no s?lo la consulta, sino adem?s la impresi?n de datos sobre antepasados en p?ginas estilizadas.
La emigraci?n allende mar
Italia se form? como pa?s tard?amente y por ello no pose?a colonias. Al contrario de espa?oles y portugu?ses, que emigraban para sus ex colonias debido a factores hist?rico-culturales, los italianos no ten?an esta opci?n. De inicio, un gran contigente de italianos emigraron para otros pa?ses europeos, sin embargo las buenas opciones de empleo estaban en Am?rica. Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay y m?s tarde Estados Unidos y Australia comenzaron a buscar nuevas fuentes de inmigrantes para abrazar las ofertas de empleo sin candidatos.
Una familia de inmigrantes italianos
Brasil como destino
En Brasil, la inmigraci?n estuvo dominada por muchos a?os por los portugueses, pues durante el periodo colonial apenas los lusos pod?an desembarcar en el pa?s. Con la independencia de Brasil, comenzaron a entrar nuevos inmigrantes: alem?nes, suizos y polacos, pero estos nunca emigrar?an en gran n?mero para Brasil. Los portugueses continuaban llegando en masa, pero escog?an los centros urbanos donde se convert?an en peque?os comerciantes. El inicio de la inmigraci?n italiana coincidi? con el proceso de abolici?n de la esclavitud y con la expansi?n de las plantaciones de caf?.
Incentivado por el gobierno brasile?o, panfletos y pancartas fueron esparcidos por toda Italia, tratando de vender una buena imagen del pa?s y as?, atraer inmigrantes. R?pidamente, miles de italianos comenzaron a comprar pasajes para Brasil, en busca de dinero y mejores condiciones de vida.
Al inicio, el gobierno brasile?o encamin? estos inmigrantes para las zonas rurales del Sur de Brasil, donde los italianos se convirtieron en peque?os agricultores y latifundistas. M?s tarde, las haciendas de caf? en el Sudeste se convirtieron en destino de la mayor?a.
El gran incentivo que tuvo la inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil no fue tan solo al cubrir la falta de mano de obra que se instal? en el pa?s. Los italianos eran cat?licos, hablaban una lengua latina y ten?an costumbres parecidas con la ra?z luso-brasile?a. Para el gobierno de turno esto ayudaba a "europeizar" la cultura brasile?a.
La colonizaci?n italiana en el Sur
Los primeros inmigrantes italianos llegaron a Brasil en 1875. El Gobierno brasile?o estaba estimulando la inmigraci?n europea, especialmente despu?s de 1850, cuando el tr?fico de esclavos africanos fue abolida en Brasil e inmigrantes europeos estaban substituyendo la mano de obra esclava. Los italianos primeramente se instalaron en la Regi?n Sur, dnde se estaban instalando colonias de inmigrantes. A comienzos del siglo XIX, el Gobierno brasile?o cre? las primeras colonias. Estas colonias fueron fundadas en ?reas rurales del pa?s, y familias europeas, principalmente alemanes se establecieron en muchas de estas colonias. Dichos inmigrantes alemanes colonizaron varias ?reas en el Sur de Brasil. Siguiendo el mismo proyecto, colonias con inmigrantes italianos fueron creadas en el Brasil meridional. Las primeras nacieron en las Sierras gauchas, en R?o Grande do Sul, en las actuales ciudades de Garibaldi y Bento Gon?alves. Estos inmigrantes eran en su mayor?a del V?neto, Norte de Italia. Luego de 5 a?os, el gran n?mero de inmigrantes oblig? al Gobierno a crear una nueva colonia italiana Caxias do Sul. Los italianos se esparciron por varias regiones de R?o Grande do Sul, y muchas otras colonias fueron creadas, principalmente en sierras y zonas altas, pues las tierras bajas ya estaban pobladas por la inmigrantes alemanes. En estas tierras, los italianos comenzaron a cultivar la uva y a producir vino. Actualmente, estas ?reas de colonizaci?n italiana producen los mejores vinos de Brasil. Tambi?n en 1875, fueron fundadas las primeras colonias italianas en Santa Catarina, como Crici?ma y Urussanga, as? como otras en Paran?.
En las colonias del Sur de Brasil, los inmigrantes italianos pudieron agruparse en su propio grupo ?tnico, donde pod?an hablar italiano y mantener su cultura y tradiciones. La inmigraci?n italiana en el Brasil meridional fue muy importante para el desarrollo econ?mico, as? como para la cultura y la formaci?n ?tnica de la poblaci?n.
Mano de obra italiana para el caf? en el Sudeste
A?n cuando fue la regi?n Sur la pionera en la inmigraci?n italiana, fue la regi?n Sudeste la que recibi? un mayor n?mero de inmigrantes. Esto debido al proceso de expansi?n de las labores del caf? en S?o Paulo. Con el fin del tr?fico negrero y los sucesos de la colonizaci?n italiana en el Sur, el Gobierno Paulista tambi?n comenz? a incentivar la inmigraci?n italiana con destino a los cafetales. La inmigraci?n subsidiada de italianos comenz? en la d?cada de 1880. Los propios due?os de haciendas de caf? trataban de atraer inmigrantes italianos a sus propiedades. El gobierno brasile?o pagaba el viaje y el inmigrante ten?a que proponerse trabajar en las haciendas para devolver el valor del pasaje.
Los inmigrantes italianos, en su mayor?a, emigraban para Brasil en familias, llamados de colonos. Los hacendados, acostumbrados a trabajar con esclavos africanos, comenzaron a lidiar con trabajadores europeos libres y asalariados. Aun muchos italianos en las haciendas de caf? fueron sometidos a jornadas de trabajo semejantes a la de los esclavos. Esta situaci?n gener? varios conflictos entre los inmigrantes italianos y los hacendados brasile?os, causando rebeliones. Las noticias del trabajo semi-esclavo llegaron a Italia, y el gobierno italiano comenz? a dificultar la emigraci?n para Brasil.
Italianos embarcando en Italia con destino a Brasil, 1910.
El ?xito inicial de la inmigraci?n subsidiada llev? al Brasil m?s de 1 mill?n de italianos hasta el final del siglo XIX, y otros 600 mil durante el siglo XX. Brasil se convirti? en el destino preferido de la emigraci?n italiana.
Luego de la abolici?n de la esclavitud en 1888, la inmigraci?n italiana se convirti? en una gran fuente de mano de obra en Brasil. Los italianos comenzaron a expandirse por Minas Gerais, Esp?rito Santo y R?o de Janeiro. La mayor?a absoluta tubo como destino inicial el campo y el trabajo agr?cola. Muchos inmigrantes italianos despu?s de algunos a?os trabajando en las recogidas de caf?, consiguieron dinero suficiente para comprar sus propias tierras y convertirse en hacendados. Otros partieron para los grandes centros urbanos brasile?os, como S?o Paulo, Porto Alegre, Curitiba y Belo Horizonte.
Los italianos en las ciudades brasile?as
Las p?simas condiciones de trabajo en el interior de Brasil hac?a con que los italianos r?pidamente se dirigieran a los centros urbanos, principalmente S?o Paulo.
A comienzos del siglo XX, la gran mayor?a de los operadores de f?bricas en S?o Paulo eran italianos. La mayor?a de los primeros grandes industriales de S?o Paulo - los Matarazzo, los Crespi - constituyeron el grupo de los llamados "condes italianos". En los centros urbanos brasile?os, los inmigrantes italianos fueron cruciales para la industrializaci?n de las ciudades.
Regiones de origen
La inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil estuvo marcada por haber sido en su mayor?a oriunda del Norte de Italia, principalmente del V?neto, seguida por las regiones Centro-Sur. La preferencia del gobierno brasile?o por italianos del norte se explica en que los inmigrantes italianos llevar?an para Brasil t?cnicas ya avanzadas de industrializaci?n e ideas nuevas para una modernizaci?n de Brasil. Adem?s, exist?a una visi?n racista por parte del gobierno brasile?o en favor de un blanqueamiento de la poblaci?n brasile?a, llevando un mayor n?mero de inmigrantes del Norte de Italia, por ser de piel m?s clara que los italianos del Sur. Se tiende a decir, que en algunas zonas del norte de Italia, pr?cticamente toda la poblaci?n tuvo alg?n pariente o conocido que emigr? a Brasil.
Inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil (1876-1920)
Fonte: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE)
Regi?n de origen N?mero de inmigrantes
V?neto 365.710
Campania 166.080
Calabria 113.155
Lombard?a 105.973
Abruzos-Molise 93.020
Toscana 81.056
Emilia-Roma?a 59.877
Basilicata 52.888
Sicilia 44.390
Piamonte 40.336
Apulia 34.833
Marcas 25.074
Basilicata 52.888
Lacio 15.982
Umbr?a 11.818
Liguria 9.328
Cerde?a 6.113
Total 1.243.633
El declive de la inmigraci?n italiana
Las continuas noticias de trabajo semi esclavo y condiciones indignas en las haciendas de caf? en Brasil hicieron que la inmigraci?n de italianos para Brasil disminuyese y se desviase para los Estados Unidos y Argentina. La inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil continu? hasta la d?cada de 1920, cuando el dictador Benito Mussolini, con su gobierno nacionalista, pas? a controlar la inmigraci?n italiana. Con la II Guerra Mundial y la declaraci?n de guerra de Brasil contra Italia y la cont?nua recuperaci?n econ?mica italiana, la llegada de italianos a Brasil entr? en decadencia.
Lengua
Actualmente casi todos los descendientes de italianos hablan portugu?s como lengua materna. Existen aun una minor?a de cerca de 500.000 personas que hablan italiano como lengua materna, la mayor parte de ellos usando el dialecto Talian, en las zonas vin?colas de R?o Grande do Sul.
La lengua italiana fue prohibida en Brasil en la d?cada de 1930, por el presidente Get?lio Vargas, despu?s de haber declarado la guerra a Italia. Cualquier manifestaci?n de cultura italiana en Brasil era crimen. Esto contribuy? en gran medida para que el idioma italiano fuera poco desarrollado entre los descendientes de italianos.
La influencia italiana en Brasil y sus descendientes
Santuario de Nuestra Se?ora de Caravaggio en Farroupilha
La inmigraci?n italiana en Brasil fue uno de los mayores fen?menos migratorios ya ocurridos. A medida que el n?mero de inmigrantes y sus descendientes iba creciendo, Brasil iba modificando a la par sus constumbres, de la misma forma que los inmigrantes modificaban las suyas. Es de notar que la influencia italiana en Brasil no se dio de forma uniforme: mientras en el Sur/Sudeste la comunidad italiana era fuerte y en ciertas localidades llegaban a representar la mayor?a de la poblaci?n, en otras regiones del pa?s la presencia de italianos fue casi nula.
De las innumerables contribuciones de los italianos para Brasil y su cultura se destacan:
* El uso de 'tchau' (ciao) como saludo (en todo Brasil)
* El enraizamiento del catolicismo en Brasil, incorporando elementos italianos a la religi?n brasile?a.
* Diversos platos que fueron incorporados en la alimentaci?n brasile?a, como el h?bito de comer panetone en Navidad y comer pizza y spagueti con mucha frecuencia (principalmente en el Sudeste).
* El dialecto de los brasile?os (principalmente en la ciudad de S?o Paulo (ver dialecto paulistano), en las Sierras ga?chas y en la sur catarinense).
* Palabras en portugu?s de Brasil (como paura, polenta etc).
* La introducci?n de nuevas t?cnicas agr?colas (Minas Gerais, S?o Paulo y en el Sur).
El "abrasileiramento" de los italianos
Italia y Brasil son pa?ses latinos, as? los inmigrantes encontraron en el pa?s muchas caracter?sticas que facilitaron su asimilaci?n. En los primeros a?os en que viv?an en Brasil, la mayor parte de los italianos intentaban vivir cerrados en comunidades italianas pues quer?an reunir dinero para regresar a Italia. En los primeros a?os de colonizaci?n italiana en el Sur de Brasil, los casamientos de italianos fuera de las colonias era insignificante, menos del 10% de los inmigrantes se casaban con no italianos. Esta situaci?n s?lo cambi? con las segunda y tercera generaciones nacidas en Brasil, a partir de la d?cada de 1930, cuando los descendientes de italianos comenzaron a integrarse a la sociedad local. Hasta hoy, un significativo n?mero de descendientes de italianos hablan dialectos de origen italiano en el Sur del pa?s.
En el Sudeste de Brasil esta situaci?n fue diferente. Al? los inmigrantes se integraron dentro de la sociedad brasile?a y el casamiento de italianos fuera de la colonia superaba el 50%. Existen relatos de que en muchas haciendas cafetaleras los italianos se comunicaban entre s? en portugu?s, abandonando la lengua italiana para integrarse a la cotidianeidad brasile?a. En un reportaje sobre la contribuci?n de los inmigrantes al sistema educacional brasile?o, antiguos inmigrantes escribieron: para construir la Am?rica no es necesario solamente trabajar con ese bendito caf?, se necesita adem?s que nuestros hijos frecuenten la escuela para aprender el portugu?s y todas las cosas de este pa?s. Esa ser? nuestra mayor riqueza en Brasil.
Hoy en d?a los brasile?os descendientes de italianos est?n completamente integrados dentro de la sociedad brasile?a. Millones de brasile?os poseen apellidos italianos, que marca la mayor colonia italiana fuera de Italia, incluyendo tres presidentes descendientes de italianos: Em?lio Garrastazu M?dici, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli e Itamar Franco.
Descendientes de italianos por estados brasile?os
Brasile?oes descendientes de italianos por estados
Estado Poblaci?n total Poblaci?n de origen italiano Percentage de ?talo-descendientes
S?o Paulo 41 millones 15 millones 40%[1]
Paran? 9,4 millones 3,7 millones 39,0%[2]
Rio Grande do Sul 10,9 millones 3,2 millones 29,0%[3]
Santa Catarina 5,8 millones 3 millones 50,0%
Esp?rito Santo 3,4 millones 1,7 mill?n 65%
Minas Gerais 20 millones 1,5 mill?n 7,5%[4]
R?o de Janeiro 14,1 millones 600 mil 4,0%[5]
Norte de Brasil 14,5 millones 1 mill?n 6,8%[6]
Centro-oeste de Brasil 13 millones 400 mil 4,0%[7]
Nordeste de Brasil 49 millones 150 mil 0,35%[8]
Total en Brasil 189 millones 30 millones 16%
Otros art?culos [editar]
* Inmigraci?n alemana en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n portuguesa en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n espa?ola en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n japonesa en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n polaca en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n ucraniana en Brasil
* Inmigraci?n suiza en Brasil
Conexi?n externa (en portugu?s)
* Imigra??o italiana no site do IBGE
For original text with references see Spanish Wikipedia "Inmigracion Italiana en Brasil." | Contributed by: Courtesy of Spanish Wikipedia
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Brazil (English translation) | | Date: The 20th Century | Notes: Italian immigration in Brazil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
According to the Italian Embassy in Brasilia, 30 million Brazilians who are descendants of Italian immigrants. Spread over all states of South and Southeast of Brazil, with nearly half of them in the state of S?o Paulo.
It is considered the largest population of oriundi (descendants of Italians) outside Italy.
A ship crammed with immigrants from Italy to Brazil
Historic
"To understand a nation, Mr Prime Minister? Is the mass of the unhappy? Planted and harvested wheat, but never tried the white bread. Cultibamos the vine, but I never drink wine. We raise animals, but does not eat meat. A Nevertheless, we aconsej?is you not to leave our homeland? But it is the land where Patria not be life's work "- a phrase anonymous Italian immigrant at the end of the 19th century to the Italian Minister of State asking not to leave his homeland.
Italian immigration in Brazil was strong, with its peak between the years 1870 and 1920. Most are concentrated in the region of the state of S?o Paulo.
The Italians began to emigrate in significant numbers to Brazil from the 70s of the nineteenth century. Were stimulated by the socio-economic transformations underway in the north of the Italian peninsula, affecting mainly the land. A peculiar aspect of the Italian mass emigration that began to develop shortly after the unification of Italy (1871), which is why it was in Brazil that was forged a national identity of these immigrants.
It is now possible to access data from the Italian immigrants through the site in Portuguese Memorial do Imigrante, with details of arrival, nationality and associates (friends, family, etc.).. Memorial visiting this allows not only query but also data printing on pages stylized ancestors.
Migration across the sea
Italy was formed as a late and therefore did not have colonies. Unlike Spanish and Portuguese who migrated to its former colonies because of cultural and historical factors, the Italians did not have this option. Start a large contingent of Italians emigrated to other European countries, however good employment options were in America. Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and later United States and Australia began to look for new sources of immigrants to embrace the offers of employment with candidates.
A family of Italian immigrants
Brazil as a destination
In Brazil, immigration was dominated for years by the Portuguese, because during the colonial period the Portuguese could only land in the country. With the independence of Brazil, began to enter new immigrants: Germans, Swiss and Polish, but they never emigrar?an in large numbers to Brazil. The Portuguese continued to arrive en masse, but chose urban locations became small merchants. The start of the Italian immigration coincided with the process of abolition of slavery and the expansion of coffee plantations.
Encouraged by the Brazilian government, flyers and banners were scattered all over Italy, trying to sell a country's image and attract immigrants. Rapidly, thousands of Italians began to buy tickets to Brazil in search of money and better living conditions.
Initially, the Brazilian government has directed these immigrants to rural areas of southern Brazil, where the Italians became small farmers and landowners. Later, the coffee farms in the Southeast became the destination of the majority.
The incentive was the great Italian immigration in Brazil was not only to cover the lack of manpower that was installed in the country. The Italians were Catholic, spoke a Latin language and customs were similar to the Luso-Brazilian root. For the government to turn this helped to "Europeanize" the Brazilian culture.
Italian colonization in the South
The first Italian immigrants arrived in Brazil in 1875. The Brazilian government was encouraging European immigration, especially after 1850, when the African slave trade was abolished in Brazil, and European immigrants were replacing slave labor. Italians first settled in the South Region, is being installed dnde colonies of immigrants. In the early nineteenth century, the Brazilian government created the first colonies. These colonies were established in rural areas of the country, and European families, mostly Germans settled in many of these colonies. These German immigrants settled in various areas of southern Brazil. Following the same project, with Italian immigrants colonies were created in Southern Brazil. The first born in the Sierras gauchos, in Rio Grande do Sul, in the present towns of Garibaldi and Bento Gon?alves. These immigrants were mostly from the Veneto, North Italy. After 5 years, the large number of immigrants forced the government to create a new cologne Caxias do Sul Italian Italians are esparciron for several regions of Rio Grande do Sul, and many other colonies were established, mainly in hills and mountains, because the lowlands were already populated by German immigrants. On this land, the Italians began to cultivate grapes and produce wine. Currently, these areas of Italian colonization produce the best wines of Brazil. Also in 1875, the first colonies were founded in Italy in Santa Catarina, and Urussanga Crici?ma as well as others in Paran?.
In the colonies of southern Brazil, the Italian immigrants were grouped into their own ethnic group, where they could speak Italian and maintain their culture and traditions. Italian immigration in southern Brazil was very important for economic development, as well as culture and education of the population.
Labor Italian coffee in Southeast
Even when the South was the pioneer in the Italian immigration, was the Southeast region which received more immigrants. This process of expansion due to the work of coffee in S?o Paulo. The end of slave trade and colonization events in the Italian South, the government also began Paulista encourage Italian immigration for the coffee. Subsidized immigration from Italy began in the 1880s. The owners of coffee farms were trying to attract Italian immigrants to their properties. The Brazilian government paid the travel and the immigrant was to work on farms for returning the package.
The Italian immigrants, the majority emigrated to Brazil in families, called for settlers. The owners, accustomed to working with African slaves, began to deal with European workers and employees free. Even many Italians in the coffee farms were subjected to hours of work similar to that of slaves. This situation has generated several conflicts between landowners and Italian immigrants in Brazil, causing rebellions. The news of the semi-slave labor came to Italy and the Italian government began to hamper the emigration to Brazil.
Italians in Italy embarked for Brazil, 1910.
The initial success of subsidized immigration to Brazil took more than 1 million Italians to the end of the nineteenth century, and another 600 thousand during the twentieth century. Brazil became the preferred destination of Italian emigration.
After the abolition of slavery in 1888, the Italian immigration has become a major source of labor in Brazil. The Italians began to expand by Minas Gerais, Esp?rito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. The absolute majority tube original field and farm work. Many Italian immigrants after a few years working in the collections of coffee, got enough money to buy their own land and become landowners. Others left for the big Brazilian cities like S?o Paulo, Porto Alegre, Curitiba and Belo Horizonte.
Italians in the Brazilian cities
The appalling working conditions in the interior of Brazil did with the Italians quickly lead to urban centers, mainly S?o Paulo.
In the early twentieth century, the vast majority of operators in factories in S?o Paulo were Italian. Most of the first large industrial S?o Paulo - the Matarazzo, the Crespi - formed the group called "Italian Count." In urban centers in Brazil, the Italian immigrants were crucial to the industrialization of the cities.
Regions of origin
Italian immigration in Brazil was marked by being the most native of northern Italy, principally Veneto, followed by the South Central regions. The Brazilian government's preference for northern Italian explained that the Italian immigrants to Brazil leading advanced techniques and new ideas for industrialization and modernization of Brazil. Moreover, there a racist by the Brazilian government in favor of a whitening of the Brazilian population, bringing a greater number of immigrants from Northern Italy, because of skin clearer than the Italians of the South. One tends to say that in some areas of northern Italy, practically the entire population had a relative or acquaintance who emigrated to Brazil.
Italian immigration in Brazil (1876-1920)
Fonte: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE)
Region of origin Number of immigrants
Veneto 365,710
Campania 166,080
Calabria 113155
Lombardy 105,973
Abruzzi-Molise 93020
81056 Tuscany
Emilia-Romagna 59877
Basilicata 52,888
Sicilia 44390
Piedmont 40336
Apulia 34,833
25074 Marks
Basilicata 52,888
Lazio 15982
Umbria 11818
Liguria 9328
Sardinia 6113
Total 1,243,633
The decline of the Italian immigration
The continuing reports of slave labor and semi undignified conditions in the haciendas of coffee in Brazil led to the immigration of Italians to Brazil and was diverted to decrease the United States and Argentina. Italian immigration in Brazil until the 1920s, when dictator Benito Mussolini, with his Nationalist government, came to control immigration in Italy. With World War II and the declaration of war against Brazil and Italy the Italian economic recovery continued, the arrival of Italians came to Brazil in decline.
Language
Nearly all the descendants of Italians speak Portuguese as their mother tongue. There are still a minority of about 500,000 people who speak Italian as their mother tongue, most of them using the dialect Talia, in the wine-producing regions of Rio Grande do Sul
The Italian language was banned in Brazil in the 1930s by President Get?lio Vargas, having declared war on Italy. Any expression of Italian culture in Brazil was a crime. This contributed largely to the Italian language was poorly developed among the descendants of Italians.
The Italian influence in Brazil and their descendants
Shrine of Our Lady of Caravaggio in Farroupilha
Italian immigration in Brazil was one of the largest migration already occurred. As the number of immigrants and their descendants would grow, Brazil was changing its par constumbres, the same way that immigrants changed theirs. It is noteworthy that the Italian influence in Brazil was not so uniform as in the South / Southeast the Italian community was strong and in some places come to represent the majority of the population in other regions of the country was the presence of Italian almost zero.
The countless contributions of Italians to Brazil and its culture are:
* The use of 'tchau' (CIAO) and health (all Brazil)
* The roots of Catholicism in Brazil, incorporating elements of Italian Brazilian religion.
* Several dishes that were incorporated into the Brazilian diet, like eating habits panetone at Christmas and eat pizza and spagueti very often (mainly in the Southeast).
* The dialect of Brazilians (mainly in the city of S?o Paulo (see dialect Paulistano), Rio Grande do Sul in the Sierras and the southern Santa Catarina).
* Words in Brazilian Portuguese (as paura, polenta etc).
* The introduction of new farming techniques (Minas Gerais, S?o Paulo and the South).
The abrasileiramento "of Italians
Italy and Brazil are Latin countries, and immigrants in the country found many characteristics that facilitated their assimilation. In the early years living in Brazil, most of the Italians were trying to live in closed communities in Italy as they wanted to raise money to return to Italy. In the early years of Italian colonization in southern Brazil, the marriages of Italians outside of the colonies was negligible, less than 10% of immigrants are married to non-Italians. This situation changed with the second and third generations born in Brazil, starting in the 1930s, when the descendants of Italians began to integrate into local society. Until now, a significant number of descendants of Italians speak dialects of Italian origin in the south of the country.
In the Southeast of Brazil the situation was different. Ali immigrants were integrated into Brazilian society and the marriage of Italians outside the colony exceeded 50%. There are many stories that the Italian coffee they communicated with each other in Portuguese, leaving the Italian to integrate into everyday life in Brazil. In a report on the contribution of immigrants to the Brazilian educational system, old immigrants wrote to build the America is not only necessary to work with this blessed coffee, is also required that children attend school to learn Portuguese and all things this country. This will be our greatest asset in Brazil.
Today Brazilians of Italian descent are completely integrated into Brazilian society. Million Brazilians have Italian surname, which marked the largest Italian outside Italy, including three presidents descended from Italian Garrastazu Emilio Medici, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli and Itamar Franco.
Descendants of Italians in the Brazilian states
Brazilian descendants of Italian states
State Total population of Italian origin Percentage of Italian descent
S?o Paulo 41 million 15 million 40% [1]
Paran? 9.4 million 3.7 million 39.0% [2]
Rio Grande do Sul 10.9 million 3.2 million 29.0% [3]
Santa Catarina 3 million 5.8 million 50.0%
Esp?rito Santo 3.4 million 1.7 million 65%
Minas Gerais 20 million 1.5 million 7.5% [4]
Rio de Janeiro 14.1 million 600 thousand 4.0% [5]
North Brazil 1 million 6.8 million 14.5% [6]
Central-western Brazil 13 million 400 thousand 4.0% [7]
Northeast of Brazil 49 million 150 thousand 0.35% [8]
Brazil total 189 million 30 million 16%
For original text with references see Spanish Wikipedia, "Inmigracion Italiana en Brasil." | Contributed by: Text, Spanish Wikipedia; machine translation by Google
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Brazil | | Date: 20th century | | Notes: Retrieved from "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-brasiliani." Image titled: "Os_emigrante." | Contributed by: Courtesy of Italian Wikipedia
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Brazil | | Date: The 20th Century | | Notes: "Un nav?o abarrotado de inmigrantes italianos partiendo para Brasil." | Contributed by: Spanish Wikipedia
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